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Старый 19.06.2009, 03:53   #5
Serge44
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Peter Kent, employees of the Beggars Banquet record store and label, founded Axis Records in late 1979 as a property of Beggars Banquet that was ran by the two. After the first four Axis singles in early 1980, the name was changed to 4AD. An initial idea for the label was that it would be a "testing ground" for Beggars Banquet; successful acts would graduate up to Beggars Banquet after a year at 4AD. The only band to follow this path would be Bauhaus, who were signed to Beggars Banquet in late 1980 right before Ivo and Peter purchased the label outright.

The two were the sole owners for about a year. Peter sold his share to Ivo at the end of 1981, and started a new Beggars Banquet subsidiary, Situation Two Records. Ivo would maintain ownership of the label, and act as its president, until the late 1990s.

While 4AD didn't handle any distribution outside the United Kingdom for many years, it had many willing distributors in many countries: Columbia distributed much of the label in Japan, while Polygram subsidiary Vertigo released many of the label's records in Canada. The United States had always been a tough market for 4AD, even though their records sold well there as imports. Only a few of the label's acts had deals to license their recordings in the USA, among various labels.

In 1992, Ivo signed a five-year distribution deal with Warner Bros. Records so that nearly all 4AD releases would see release in the United States. While this seemed to be a simple licensing deal, in reality executives from Warner Bros. took a lot of control during this period, as 4AD shifted focus to the US market, signing more American bands. While still president, it is clear that Ivo ceded some control during this period, and once the deal ended, he offered to sell the label back to Beggars Banquet.

The deal with Beggars was completed by early 1999, and since then it has owned 4AD and its distribution worldwide. This led to many negotiations for the label's back catalog—like getting back US distribution rights for the Pixies and the Cocteau Twins.

In 2008, the Beggars Group recognized that 4AD was its most prestigious and successful label, and re-aligned itself so that several labels (including Beggars Banquet itself) were folded up on to the 4AD label.[3] Bands like Stereolab and The National now find themselves signed to 4AD as a part of this merger.
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